Level 1 Prevention and Risk Factors

Identifying and understanding modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking, diet, physical inactivity, and genetic predisposition. Developing effective prevention strategies based on these findings is crucial to reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases.

• Studies on novel biomarkers
• Hypertension screening
• Lipid profile assessment in individuals over 20 years
• Fasting blood sugar assessment in individuals over 25 years
• Social determinants of cardiovascular health
• Investigating the role of aging on cardiovascular disease changes

Health Disparities

Investigating and addressing disparities in the prevalence, incidence, and outcomes of cardiovascular diseases across different population groups, including differences based on race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographical location. Understanding and addressing these disparities is essential for achieving equity in cardiovascular care.

• Study on factors limiting access to cardiac health services and designing interventions to reduce inequity
• Cardiovascular diseases in women
• Cardiovascular diseases in the elderly

Longitudinal Studies

Conducting long-term cohort studies to examine the natural history of cardiovascular diseases, including the progression of atherosclerosis, the impact of changes in risk factors, and the outcomes of different treatment strategies. Longitudinal studies provide valuable insights into the epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases and their long-term consequences.

• Electronic cohorts

Global Burden

Assessing the global burden of cardiovascular diseases, including the prevalence of specific conditions such as coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Understanding the global distribution of cardiovascular diseases helps prioritize resource allocation and public health interventions to address the most significant needs.

Environmental and Occupational Exposures

Investigating the impact of environmental and occupational factors, including air pollution, workplace stress, and noise exposure, on the development of cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these influences can inform policies and interventions aimed at reducing environmental and occupational risk factors.

Emerging Risk Factors

Investigating new risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, including air pollution, sleep disorders, infectious agents, and new lifestyle trends. Identifying and understanding these factors can lead to new avenues for prevention and intervention.

• Sleep apnea
• Air pollution

Health Services and Quality of Care

Evaluating the delivery of cardiac services, including access to care, quality of care, adherence to guidelines, and effectiveness of interventions. Research in this area helps optimize healthcare delivery and improve outcomes for individuals with cardiovascular diseases.

• Quality of life
• KAP
• Workload

Genomic and Precision Medicine

Investigating the genetic determinants of cardiovascular diseases and using precision medicine approaches to personalize risk assessment, prevention strategies, and treatment options for individuals based on their genetic profiles.

Behavioral Interventions

Studying behavioral interventions, such as lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, physical activity promotion, and smoking cessation programs, for the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases in populations.

• Studies on risk factor modification with a focus on modern technologies

Health Policy and Economics

Engaging in policy research and efforts aimed at implementing population-level interventions, promoting healthy environments, and influencing public health policies related to cardiovascular diseases.

• Pharmacoepidemiology studies of cardiac drugs
• Cost-effectiveness of cardiac interventions

Novel Methodologies

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Level 3 Prevention

Cardiac rehabilitation and recovery